Brightness Falls essays

Brightness Falls essays Jay McInerneys novel Brightness Falls portrays the life of a young middle class couple in pursuit of attaining the American dream in urban America in the 1980s. The novel follows the couple, Russell and Corrine Calloway, as well as their friends in their middle and upper class social circles, as they struggle with such social issues as adultery, drug addiction, ambition, corruption, and failure. McInerney uses literary elements such as setting to develop the novels plot and to portray an accurate social satire on middle and upper class America. The most prominent settings used to depict character conflict and development, moods, and themes are New York, St. Maarten, and the Hamptons. Each of these settings helps define thematic topics and examines the development of each character in relation to their environment. The main setting in Brightness Falls is New York City, where the Calloways live in their small, but fashionable one bedroom apartment. In New York, Corrine works as a stock broker on Wall Street, while Russell works as a publisher for Corbin and Dern. Russell and Corrine are viewed by their friends as the impenetrable golden couple, whos love would never die. However, as the novel progresses their love and trust for each other slowly disintegrates because of the corruption of life in New York City. Corrine and Russell had been married for five years. Theyd known each other eight years before that, having met in college. Their friends viewed them as savvy pioneers of the matrimonial state, as if they had homesteaded one of those formerly marginal areas of the city into which the fashion-conscious were just now beginning to follow. In the years theyd lived in New York, their East Side apartment had become a supper club for their less settled acquaintances, a sort of model unit for those thinking of buying into the neighborhood of matrimony. For the recently conjoined, it was a sa...

How to Implement a Marketing Workflow Management Process in 7 Steps

How to Implement a Marketing Workflow Management Process in 7 Steps The best marketing teams succeed with strong workflow management processes. Defined as a preset order of operations for getting stuff done, they’re essential for getting work right the first time, every time. Workflow management is also indispensable for building efficiencies into processes, so you can spend more time doing meaningful work, and less time feeling frustrated due to procedural roadblocks. In short, they allow you to plan your work, and work your plan. If you don’t have solid workflows in place, you’ve probably experienced the following problems: Disjointed workflows. No one knows who does what, or in which order. Communication breakdowns. And not like the Led Zeppelin song, either. Missed deadlines. Lack of process leads to inefficiency. In turn, that leads to nothing getting done on time. Sounds like a disaster waiting to happen. That’s just a short list of potential issues you could face, too. How to Implement an Effective Marketing Workflow Management Process in 7 Simple Steps byDownload Your Marketing Workflow Management Template Bundle Fixing broken marketing processes isnt always easy. Having the right tools helps though, so this post includes the following free resources: Marketing Project Management Template (Word): Plan the efficient processes that youll execute. Marketing Project Checklist Template (Excel): Ensure every project and campaign gets completed with no missed steps. Marketing Calendar Template (Excel): Map out deadlines and make projects visible across your entire department. Together, this trio of templates will help you get started planning and managing processes that work. Download them below before continuing.Table of Contents: What is a Workflow? Why You Should Plan Marketing Workflows What Are Popular Workflow Management Tools For Marketers? Step 1: Determine How Your Team Will Communicate Step 2: Onboard Your Team Onto a New Tool Step 3: Define Everyone's Responsibilities Step 4: Map Out Task Checklists Step 5: Plan Your Marketing Calendar Step 6: Plan Your Workflow Execution Step 7: Measure Team PerformanceWhat’s a Workflow, Anyway? A lot of places make workflows sound unnecessarily complicated. Benjamin Brandall summed it up well on the Process Street blog: Workflows are the way people get work done, and can be illustrated as series of steps that need to be completed sequentially in a diagram or checklist. This video from PNM Soft offers a further explanation: Workflows are often visualized using charts or diagrams. They can also be as simple as checklists outlining the steps required to complete a task. Here’s an example of a typical content marketing workflow courtesy of Content Marketing Institute: Here’s what a workflow might look like as a checklist: Do This With : You can build workflow checklists (called Task Templates) in , the only marketing suite that helps you organize all of your marketing in one place. See how they work. Why Bother Planning Marketing Workflows? There’s no sense investing time in something that won’t produce a benefit. So, what’s the real benefit to planning out workflows and sticking to them? Here are seven. 1. Increased Efficiency Means Getting More Done If you’re like most marketers, you have too much to do, and not enough time to get it done. Mile-long to-do lists come with the territory. But, sometimes, that work is more achievable than it seems. While it’s easy to blame being overworked for lack of productivity, sometimes the real culprit is an inefficient workflow. By planning out workflows strategically, you can get more done in less time. By planning out workflows strategically, you can get more done in less time.2. They Make Responsibilities Clear to All Team Members How often have you heard someone say, â€Å"I didn’t know I was supposed to get that done†? Or, how often have you said that out loud yourself? It’s time to put a permanent stop to â€Å"not-my-jobism†. When workflows are clearly mapped out, there’s no ambiguity around who is responsible for which tasks and deadlines. You execute or you don’t. The result? Projects get done right the first time with more consistency. When workflows are clearly mapped out, projects get done right the first time with more consistency.3. Reducing the Need for Hand-Holding and Oversight This one is tied into point number two above. When people don’t quite know what to do, they’ll lean on management for guidance. There’s nothing wrong with that, unless they lean a little too hard, to the extent of having no initiative of their own. Workflows make it clear what team members are responsible for, so they don’t have to wonder whether they’re working on the right things. #Marketing workflows make it clear what people are responsible for.4. Building Consistency in Execution Consistency is key to marketing success. It’s a fundamental building block for constructing and executing processes that drive 10X results. But, if you don’t have a consistent set of steps to follow for every type of project, tasks are liable to fall through the cracks. Sometimes, the negative effects are small like a minor editing step gets missed. Other times, the consequences can be dramatically more significant, like a webinar not getting recorded (good luck publishing that recap video †¦ without the video). Sometimes things happen and can’t be prevented. That’s life. But, marketers should always be doing as much as possible to prevent major mishaps. #Marketers should always be doing as much as possible to prevent major mishaps.5. Enables Visibility Across Projects and Teams There’s a lot of value in teams being able to see what other teams or coworkers are doing. It helps achieve the following results: Managers can see what their staff is working on. Everyone can see the completion status of each project. Transparency improves communication. When workflows are mapped out and projects are placed onto a shared calendar, everyone stays in the loop and holds one another accountable. Agile marketing is a great way to increase visibility into your team's workload.   One of key ways to do this is via the daily stand-up. This meeting takes place during the first 15 mins of every work day. To start you gather every member of your team and ask them three questions. What did you do yesterday? What will you do today? What roadblock are you experiencing?   Daily stand-up meetings help managers stay up-to-date about everything their team is working on, and help facilitate better collaboration and communication amongst team members. has a feature called the Team Management Dashboard that is basically a daily stand-up visualized before your very eyes. You can see exactly what everyone on your team is working on for the day, and reshuffle tasks as needed. Recommended Reading: The Best Way to Get Organized With a Content Marketing Editorial Calendar (Free Template) 6. They Make It Easier to See Where Projects Go Wrong So, sometimes things go wrong. It happens. When they do, it’s important to have a retrospective and identify where the breakdown happened, so it doesn’t happen again. When workflows are well-documented, it’s easier to diagnose exactly where issues arise. When workflows are well-documented, it’s easier to diagnose exactly where issues arise.7. Managers Can Get Out of the Weeds Managers often get too involved in their team member’s work because they don’t trust they’ll get everything done. This is often the result of team members not knowing exactly what they should be doing. It’s a vicious and endless loop. Documenting workflows removes ambiguity so teams are empowered to just get their work done. That frees up manager’s time and headspace to focus on more important things. Everyone wins. What Are Popular Workflow Management Tools for Marketers? There are tons of different software options available, although most of them are not made specifically for marketers. Here are some common choices: Trello Asana Wrike Basecamp DID YOU KNOW: Trello, Asana, Wrike, and Basecamp integrate with using Zapier? See how all your project management tools can work together. Step 1. Determine How Your Team Will Communicate Strong team communication requires the right tools. Before getting too far along, assess whether you currently have the best technology to build collaborative workflows. Once you have a tool selected, you might also have other means of communication too, like email or a chat app. So, how do you enforce team members using the right communication tools for the right things? For internal communication and casual conversation, Slack and Stride are great. Honestly, so is good, old-fashioned walking across the office to talk to someone face-to-face. But, when it comes to project-based communication, it’s best to keep everything organized in one place. There’s nothing worse than forgetting a conversation you had last week or losing notes down an email inbox rabbit hole. solves this by building Discussion Threads into projects. This way, you can keep all team correspondence together, passing notes, trading files, and more, all in one place. Create a project on your calendar: Then, click the Contributors icon on the right: Add team members who will be working on this project: Next, use Discussion Threads to converse and collaborate: Step 2: Onboard the Team to Your Tool If you’re selecting a new tool, making sure everyone knows how to use it well is crucial. Most software providers offer training and in-app onboarding assistance. If they don’t, use something else. Even with vendor-provided training and onboarding, it’s also often worthwhile to host your own training sessions. To do this: Find a time on your company’s calendar that works for everyone who will use the tool. Include a short description in the meeting invite explaining what this tool will help the team achieve. Build a short slide presentation outlining how to use the tool. Make yourself available for questions. Taking the time to instruct the team on how to use the new tool, while also communicating why the tool is even necessary, can go a long way toward ensuring everyone is successful. Recommended Reading: Shorten the Learning Curve For Onboarding Your Team Onto (With Reals) Step 3: Define Everyone’s Responsibilities Next, determine each team member’s responsibilities for each type of project you execute regularly. For a content marketing team, this could include: Creating blog posts. Producing videos. Hosting webinars. Delivering email newsletters. Writing website copy. Each of these projects likely involves multiple team members: Writers to craft copy and content. Designers to create visual elements. Marketing specialists to host webinars. Analysts to measure performance and extract insights from data. Project managers to keep everyone on track. So, who does what, exactly? Sometimes, this answer will be obvious. In other cases, it may be less clear. Stick with one task per person to avoid duplication of effort. Start mapping out tasks logically: Writer Content Research Writing Content and Copy Analyzing Copy PerformanceDesigner Creating Blog Graphics Designing Website Graphics Producing Slide DecksStrategist Generating Ideas Directing Strategy Analyzing ResultsProject Manager Assigning Tasks Managing Client Communication Enforcing DeadlinesSEO Keyword Research On-Page Optimization Backlink OutreachThese are some (very) basic examples. Step 4: Map Out Task Checklists This is where you’ll answer the question posed above in more granular detail. For each project, list the following information: The tasks required to complete the project. Who is responsible for getting it done. How long each step should take. For example, here’s what this might look like for a blog post: Generate Ideas: Strategist - Due 21 Days Before Publish Map Ideas to Content Calendar: Strategist - Due 20 Days Before Publish Keyword Research: SEO Specialist - Due 18 Days Before Publish Write Outline: Writer - Due 17 Days Before Publish Finish Draft: Writer - Due 14 Days Before Publish Edit Draft: Manager/Editor - Due 12 Days Before Publish Create Graphics: Designer - 10 Days Before Publish Schedule Social Promotion: Writer/Social Strategist - 8 Days Before Publish Schedule Post to Publish: Editor - 7 Days Before Publish If this workflow is followed consistently, every blog post will be ready to publish a week in advance at a minimum. This allows room to work ahead, rather than scrambling to meet deadlines at the last minute. In , checklists can be built and reused indefinitely using Task Templates. Create a project on your calendar. Then, add each step to your checklist (Task Template): Next, determine who performs each step: Assign deadlines to each task: Here's what the completed template looks like: Now, each time an item is checked off, the completion percentage will increase: How Long Should Tasks Take? This is a good question, but one without an easy answer. The best way to determine how long things take is to track time. Every time a team member works on a task, have them use Toggl to track their time. It's a simple time-tracking app that makes it easy to quantify how long you're spending doing a given thing: Then, track your average completion time for that type of task (the total number of times the task was completed, divided by the sum of time spent on those tasks overall). Consider using a spreadsheet to track your time, adding the following fields pictured below: Step 5: Plan Your Marketing Calendar Use a marketing calendar to keep projects and campaigns organized. Calendars allow you to: Set and manage deadlines. View which projects are coming up. See what other team members are working on. Prioritize work based on how soon which projects need to be completed. Collaborate with your team in one place. Marketing calendars are often built using spreadsheets (like the free Excel template included in this post). A better option, however, is to use purpose-built software. Apps like help teams beat makeshift marketing (using non-marketing tools for marketing tasks) with a solution built for your specific needs. Recommended Reading: Marketing Calendar By : A Centralized View For All Your Marketing Efforts Mapping Projects and Campaigns to Every marketing task, project, and campaign your team works on can be organized on a marketing calendar like . As you add more pieces to the calendar, it'll start to look something like this: Now, if you'd like to make it easier to separate items visually, Color Labels make it easy to color-code projects: If you'd prefer to see your upcoming work in a list, rather than a traditional calendar view, click List View: You'll now see all the items on your calendar in a list: Step 6: Plan Your Execution and Collaboration Next, develop a plan for how the project will be executed. This includes: Determining the team members who will be on the project.   Defining which tools the team will use. Executing the project. Here’s how a blog post could be created using . First, make sure WordPress, your social networks, and email service provider are connected: Write your blog content using Google Docs, Evernote, ’s built-in text editor, or directly in WordPress: As you work through the post, share notes with your team using Discussion Threads. You can also manage version control if you choose to write content using Microsoft Word (or another word processor), attaching and exchanging files: Now, it's possible you'll need to create additional promotional content for social media and email. Add a Social Campaign and create social media promotion: You can now add and schedule social media posts: Next, if you’ll be promoting this blog post with email, add an email campaign on the same day: That’s your entire content creation workflow, managed and automated with . You can build and manage workflows for all other content and projects you execute as well. Step 7: Measure Team Performance How do you know your workflows are effective? By measuring your team’s output and comparing productivity levels to where they were before. ’s Team Performance Reports make it simple to quantify productivity. It tracks how often tasks on Task Templates are checked off on time, and delivers comprehensive reports on who’s getting their work done on time consistently, and who’s falling behind:Recommended Reading: How to Gain Powerful Insights + Improve Your Team's Productivity Master Workflow Management With This post has covered a lot of ground on how to succeed with proper workflow management. It’s also cited as the ideal tool to manage your entire marketing department’s workflows all in one place (though the free templates included will help you get started as well). What if you’re ready to dive in and see how can help you save at least 10 hours per team member a week? Start your free 14-day trial of schedule a demo call with an expert. You’ll be able to get your team up and running, and see exactly how you can overcome makeshift marketing, get organized, and improve the way your marketing department functions.

Critical Book Review - Predictably Irrational - Dan Ariely (2008 or Essay

Critical Book Review - Predictably Irrational - Dan Ariely (2008 or 2009 edn) - Essay Example However, this is not always the case. The book discusses that how cognitive psychology influences the ability of an individual to assess the pros and cons of a given economic situation. Behavioural economics being the focus, the book also develops an interdisciplinary approach and topics such as finance, market and management are explored from time to time. The book has been written by Dan Ariely. He is an Israeli – American professor of behavioural economics and psychology. Ariely is currently appointed as a professor in the Duke University, Department of Economics. He is also a Senior Fellow at the Kenan Institute of the same university. (Duke University, 2010) He has a strong grip of psychology and behavioural economics and hence he is better able to analyze people. His background suggests he has intercultural exposure as he has been brought up in Israel and now he works in USA. I think this helps him to develop a deeper insight of the people’s behaviour. Dan Ariely spent his early life in Israel. As a native Israeli, Ariely was engaged in military service when he was eighteen years old. While at service, a magnesium flare explosion left him severely injured. He had 3rd degree burns almost all over his body, and he had to remain in hospital bed for a long time. During this period of his life, Ariely began to reflect on human behaviour. For example, he wondered why the nurses removed his bandages in the way they did. Were they able to behave according to their intention to relieve him? If not, why? He also noted the behaviour of the other patients around him. It is from here Ariely started his research on irrational behaviour of individuals. The book is well structured and planned. It has thirteen chapters. Some chapters have impressive titles like ‘Power of Price (Why a 50-Cent Aspirin Can Do What a Penny Aspirin Can’t?)’ (Ariely, 2009: p. 173) and ‘The Effect of Expectations (Why the Mind Gets What It Expects?)â€℠¢ (Ariely, 2009: p. 155). These sorts of topics are certainly thought provoking. As the reader looks at the outline of the book, his or her curiosity is increased. The sections in each of Ariely’s chapters tell a story, describe it well and conduct an experiment. Finally, at the end of every chapter, Ariely analyzes the inferences and develops postulates on how the results obtained so far can change a person’s economic behaviour. In the book, the writer has not merely criticized classical economics. He has expressed his concern about behavioural irrationalities too. In the context of the books describing anomalies and irrationalities, there is â€Å"a growing fan base within disciplines outside of economics† (McKenzie, 2009: p. 32). Ariely respects the readers from this fan base and he is tireless to continuously explain his economic views so that the readers from non-economics background can also understand the key concepts. The basic idea of the book (as we fi nd in its 2008 ed. too) delivers a strong blow to the very concept that we can operate a system on the basis of the assumptions that people will always act according to the rational calculus. Cognitive inconsistencies are real factors, and they should be analyzed and reflected on by the academia, government, corporations and policy makers. In practice, economic strategies are actually directed to appeal to emotion, not rational calculus (Thomas, 2008). Further, as reviewed by Doctorow (2010), â€Å"

The Strategic Issue of Newspaper Paywalls Essay

The Strategic Issue of Newspaper Paywalls - Essay Example The Guardian’s lead media blogger Cory Doctorow led the critical analysis in asking three main questions about the dataset as presented by Murdoch’s company. (Doctorow, 2010) â€Å"What sort of purchases are the paid subscribers making?† â€Å"How much do advertisers value the additional information the Times can supply about paying users?† â€Å"What does it cost to get a subscriber?† These questions are important in determining what the paywall and subscriber numbers mean to News Corp’s bottom line profit figures. This experiment with the online subscriber model for news is important to the sector due to the declining revenues and bankruptcy of many traditional newspapers. If News Corp is successful in attracting consumers to its online subscription models, iPad only newspaper, and financial industry news, then it represents a business possibility or even necessity for other newspapers in the sector like the Guardian to follow. Looking at t he actual numbers released by News Corp in their Nov. 2nd, 2010 press release: â€Å"News International today announces that the new digital products for The Times and The Sunday Times have achieved more than 105,000 paid-for customer sales to date. Around half of these are monthly subscribers. These include subscribers to the digital sites as well as subscribers to The Times iPad app and Kindle edition. Many of the rest are either single copy or pay-as-you-go customers. In addition to the digital-only subscribers, there are 100,000 joint digital/print subscribers who have activated their digital accounts to the websites and/or iPad app since launch. As a result, the total paid audience for digital products on The Times and The Sunday Times is close to 200,000 (allowing for some duplication in the digital customer sales number).† (Paid Content, 2010) Felix Salmon adds another aspect of the paywall that may not be immediately evident from this news release, reporting that â₠¬Å"traffic has fallen off a cliff, from 21 million to 2.7 million pageviews per month† for these same sites. (Reuters, 2010) From these statistics, the 200,000 paid subscribers are only viewing on average 10 pages or news articles per month. This does not indicate a strong pattern of readership, but more of the average daily or single-setting news content of a site browser. In analyzing the effect of this, for example, as it relates to the Guardian business plan, it should be noted that by page volume this is approximately a 90% reduction in the number of advertisements served by the website per month. Thus, looking at the issue of paywalls and online newspapers from a strictly profit and loss perspective, the GMG can calculate whether a 90% reduction in advertising revenue would be offset by the savings on server infrastructure with reduced site traffic and the revenues generated by the subscription fees. To put this in context with what the News Corp numbers mean, Dan Sabbag ah of the Guardian reviewed the three different subscription plans represented in the statistics and came up with an estimate: â€Å"the total is ?5.5m a year, gross.† (Sabbagah, 2010) This includes the 1-day subscriptions, the monthly subscriptions, and iPad newspaper subscriptions. In this manner, it could be related that loss of 90% of site traffic and viewership for the newspapers was not worth the minimal

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism Essay Example for Free

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism Essay Abstract: This study is based on the belief that economic organization is shaped by transaction cost economizing decisions. It sets out the basic principles of transaction cost economics, applies the basic arguments to economic institutions, and develops public policy implications. Any issue that arises, or can be recast as a matter of contracting, is usefully examined in terms of transaction costs. Transaction cost economics maintains that governance of contractual relations is mainly achieved through institutions of private ordering instead of legal centralism. This approach is based on behavioral assumptions of bounded rationalism and opportunism, which reflect actual human nature. These assumptions underlie the problem of economic organization: to create contract and governance structures that economize on bounded rationality while safeguarding transactions against the hazards of opportunism. The book first summarizes the transaction cost economics approach to the study of economic organization. It develops the underlying behavioral assumptions and the types of transactions; alternative approaches to the world of contracts are presented. Assuming that firms are best regarded as a governance structure, a comparative institutional approach to the governance of contractual relations is set out. The evidence, theory, and policy of vertical integration are discussed, on the basis that the decision to integrate is paradigmatic to transaction cost analysis. The incentives and bureaucratic limits of internal organization are presented, including the dilemma of why a large firm cant do everything a collection of small firms can do. The economics of organization in presented in terms of transaction costs, showing that hierarchy also serves efficiency and permits a variety of predictions about the organization of work. Efficient labor organization is explored; on the assumption that an authority relation prevails between workers and managers, what governance structure supports will be made in response to various types of job attributes are discussed, and implications for union organization are developed. Considering antitrust ramifications of transaction cost economics, the book summarizes transaction cost issues that arise in the context of contracting, merger, and strategic behavior, and challenges earlier antitrust preoccupation with monopoly. URL: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1496720 The Economic System of Socialism Socialism—defined as a centrally planned economy in which the government controls all means of production—was the tragic failure of the twentieth century. Born of a commitment to remedy the economic and moral defects of capitalism, it has far surpassed capitalism in both economic malfunction and moral cruelty. Yet the idea and the ideal of socialism linger on. Whether socialism in some form will eventually return as a major organizing force in human affairs is unknown, but no one can accurately appraise its prospects who has not taken into account the dramatic story of its rise and fall. The Birth of Socialist Planning It is often thought that the idea of socialism derives from the work of Karl Marx. In fact, Marx wrote only a few pages about socialism, as either a moral or a practical blueprint for society. The true architect of a socialist order was Lenin, who first faced the practical difficulties of organizing an economic system without the driving incentives of profit seeking or the self-generating constraints of competition. Lenin began from the long-standing delusion that economic organization would become less complex once the profit drive and the market mechanism had been dispensed with—â€Å"as self-evident,† he wrote, as â€Å"the extraordinarily simple operations of watching, recording, and issuing receipts, within the reach of anybody who can read and write and knows the first four rules of arithmetic.† In fact, economic life pursued under these first four rules rapidly became so disorganized that within four years of the 1917 revolution, Soviet production had fallen to 14 percent of its prerevolutionary level. By 1921 Lenin was forced to institute the New Economic Policy (NEP), a partial return to the market incentives of capitalism. This brief mixture of socialism and capitalism came to an end in 1927 after Stalin instituted the process of forced collectivization that was to mobilize Russian resources for its leap into industrial power. The system that evolved under Stalin and his successors took the form of a pyramid of command. At its apex was Gosplan, the highest state planning agency, which established such general directives for the economy as the target rate of growth and the allocation of effort between military and civilian outputs, between heavy and light industry, and among various regions. Gosplan transmitted the general directives to successive ministries of industrial and regional planning, whose technical advisers broke down the overall national plan into directives assigned to particular factories, industrial power centers, collective farms, and so on. These thousands of individual subplans were finally scrutinized by the factory managers and engineers who would eventually have to implement them. Thereafter, the blueprint for production reascended the pyramid, together with the suggestions, emendations, and pleas of those who had seen it. Ultimately, a completed plan would be reached by negotiation, voted on by the Supreme Soviet, and passed into law. Thus, the final plan resembled an immense order book, specifying the nuts and bolts, steel girders, grain outputs, tractors, cotton, cardboard, and coal that, in their entirety, constituted the national output. In theory such an order book should enable planners to reconstitute a working economy each year—provided, of course, that the nuts fitted the bolts; the girders were of the right dimensions; the grain output was properly stored; the tractors were operable; and the cotton, cardboard, and coal were of the kinds needed for their manifold uses. But there was a vast and widening gap between theory and practice. Problems Emerge The gap did not appear immediately. In retrospect, we can see that the task facing Lenin and Stalin in the early years was not so much economic as quasi military—mobilizing a peasantry into a workforce to build roads and rail lines, dams and electric grids, steel complexes and tractor factories. This was a formidable assignment, but far less formidable than what would confront socialism fifty years later, when the task was not so much to create enormous undertakings as to create relatively self-contained ones, and to fit all the outputs into a dovetailing whole. Through the 1960s the Soviet economy continued to report strong overall growth—roughly twice that of the United States—but observers began to spot signs of impending trouble. One was the difficulty of specifying outputs in terms that would maximize the well-being of everyone in the economy, not merely the bonuses earned by individual factory managers for â€Å"overfulfilling† their assigned objecti ves. The problem was that the plan specified outputs in physical terms. One consequence was that managers maximized yardages or tonnages of output, not its quality. A famous cartoon in the satirical magazine Krokodil showed a factory manager proudly displaying his record output, a single gigantic nail suspended from a crane. As the economic flow became increasingly clogged and clotted, production took the form of â€Å"stormings† at the end of each quarter or year, when every resource was pressed into use to meet preassigned targets. The same rigid system soon produced expediters, or tolkachi, to arrange shipments to harassed managers who needed unplanned—and therefore unobtainable—inputs to achieve their production goals. Worse, lacking the right to buy their own supplies or to hire or fire their own workers, factories set up fabricating shops, then commissaries, and finally their own worker housing to maintain control over their own small bailiwicks. It is not surprising that this increasingly Byzantine system began to create serious dysfunctions beneath the overall statistics of growth. During the 1960s the Soviet Union became the first industrial country in history to suffer a prolonged peacetime fall in average life expectancy, a symptom of its disastrous misallocation of resources. Military research facilities could get whatever they needed, but hospitals were low on the priority list. By the 1970s the figures clearly indicated a slowing of overall production. By the 1980s the Soviet Union officially acknowledged a near end to growth that was, in reality, an unofficial decline. In 1987 the first official law embodying perestroika—restructuring—was put into effect. President Mikhail Gorbachev announced his intention to revamp the economy from top to bottom by introducing the market, reestablishing private ownership, and opening the system to free economic interchange with the West. Seventy years of socialist rise had come to an end. Socialist Planning in Western Eyes Understanding of the difficulties of central planning was slow to emerge. In the mid-1930s, while the Russian industrialization drive was at full tilt, few raised their voices about its problems. Among those few were ludwig von mises, an articulate and exceedingly argumentative free-market economist, and friedrich hayek, of much more contemplative temperament, later to be awarded a Nobel Prize for his work in monetary theory. Together, Mises and Hayek launched an attack on the feasibility of socialism that seemed at the time unconvincing in its argument as to the functional problems of a planned economy. Mises in particular contended that a socialist system was impossible because there was no way for the planners to acquire the information (see Information and Prices)—â€Å"produce this, not that†Ã¢â‚¬â€needed for a coherent economy. This information, Hayek emphasized, emerged spontaneously in a market system from the rise and fall of prices. A planning system was bound to fail precisely because it lacked such a signaling mechanism. The Mises-Hayek argument met its most formidable counterargument in two brilliant articles by Oskar Lange, a young economist who would become Poland’s first ambassador to the United States after World War II. Lange set out to show that the planners would, in fact, have precisely the same information as that which guided a market economy. The information would be revealed as inventories of goods rose and fell, signaling either that supply was greater than demand or demand was greater than supply. Thus, as planners watched inventory levels, they were also learning which of their administered (i.e., state-dictated) prices were too high and which too low. It only remained, therefore, to adjust prices so that supply and demand balanced, exactly as in the marketplace. Lange’s answer was so simple and clear that many believed the Mises-Hayek argument had been demolished. In fact, we now know that their argument was all too prescient. Ironically, though, Mises and Hayek were right for a reason they did not foresee as clearly as Lange himself. â€Å"The real danger of socialism,† Lange wrote, in italics, â€Å"is that of a bureaucratization of economic life.† But he took away the force of the remark by adding, without italics, â€Å"Unfortunately, we do not see how the same or even greater danger can be averted under monopolistic capitalism† (Lange and Taylor 1938, pp. 109–110). The effects of the â€Å"bureaucratization of economic life† are dramatically related in The Turning Point, a scathing attack on the realities of socialist economic planning by two Soviet economists, Nikolai Smelev and Vladimir Popov, that gives examples of the planning process in actual operation. In 1982, to stimulate the production of gloves from moleskins, the Soviet government raised the price it was willing to pay for moleskins from twenty to fifty kopecks per pelt. Smelev and Popov noted: State purchases increased, and now all the distribution centers are filled with these pelts. Industry is unable to use them all, and they often rot in warehouses before they can be processed. The Ministry of Light Industry has already requested Goskomtsen [the State Committee on Prices] twice to lower prices, but â€Å"the question has not been decided† yet. This is not surprising. Its members are too busy to decide. They have no time: besides setting prices on these pelts, they have to keep track of another 24 million prices. And how can they possibly know how much to lower the price today, so they won’t have to raise it tomorrow? This story speaks volumes about the problem of a centrally planned system. The crucial missing element is not so much â€Å"information,† as Mises and Hayek argued, as it is the motivation to act on information. After all, the inventories of moleskins did tell the planners that their production was at first too low and then too high. What was missing was the willingness—better yet, the necessity—to respond to the signals of changing inventories. A capitalist firm responds to changing prices because failure to do so will cause it to lose money. A socialist ministry ignores changing inventories because bureaucrats learn that doing something is more likely to get them in trouble than doing nothing, unless doing nothing results in absolute disaster. In the late 1980s, absolute economic disaster arrived in the Soviet Union and its Eastern former satellites, and those countries are still trying to construct some form of economic structure that will no longer display the deadly inertia and indifference that have come to be the hallmarks of soc ialism. It is too early to predict whether these efforts will succeed. The main obstacle to real perestroika is the impossibility of creating a working market system without a firm basis of private ownership, and it is clear that the creation of such a basis encounters the opposition of the former state bureaucracy and the hostility of ordinary people who have long been trained to be suspicious of the pursuit of wealth. In the face of such uncertainties, all predictions are foolhardy save one: no quick or easy transition from socialism to some form of nonsocialism is possible. Transformations of such magnitude are historic convulsions, not mere changes in policy. Their completion must be measured in decades or generations, not years. URL: http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Socialism.html The Economy System of Mixed Economy A mixed economy has many of the characteristics of market, command and traditional economies. The United States is a mixed economy because its Constitution protects many of the characteristics of a market economy, including ownership of private property, limitations on government interference, and promoting innovation. However, the Constitution also encourages the government to promote the general welfare. This allows many aspects of a command economy, where needed. In addition, many American traditions still guide economic policy. A mixed economy seeks to have all the advantages of a market, command and traditional economy with little of the disadvantages. Therefore, most mixed economies have three of the six characteristics of the market economy: private property, pricing and individual self-interest. Mixed economies also have a command economy in certain areas. Most allow government to have a command role in areas that safeguard the people and the market itself. This usually inclu des the military, international trade, and national transportation. An increased governmental role depends on the priorities of the people. Many mixed economies also allow centralized planning and even government ownership of key industries, such as aerospace, energy production and even banking. Some mixed economies encourage the government to centrally manage health care, welfare, and retirement programs. In addition, most mixed economies follow traditions that have been so ingrained that they may not even be aware of it. For example, many mixed economies still fund and give some power to royalty or emperors. Most of the worlds major economies are now mixed economies. It would be difficult to avoid, thanks to globalization. A countrys people are best served through international trade oil from Saudi Arabia, consumer products from China, and food from the U.S. As soon as businesses within a country are allowed or even encouraged to export, the government must give up some control to free market forces. Second, the global economy is primarily free-market based. There is very little government control, although some regulations and agreements have been put into place. However, there is no world government today that has the power to override a countrys sovereignty and create a global command economy. URL: http://useconomy.about.com/od/US-Economy-Theory/tp/Mixed-Economy.htm The Economy System of Islamic Economics The way of defining Islamic Economics is to qualify the term modern or conventional economics with Islam. Islam is a religion from Allah SWT through prophet Muhammad SAW to mankind which means the total way of Man kind’s life, that is what ever man does or is going to do must be abided by the Islamic norms and values as well as laws and other rules and regulations(shariah). And conventional economics has best been defined by robbins as science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have an alternative uses. Based on the definitions of the two concepts above, many scholars defined Islamic economics according to their understanding of the concepts. The following are the various definition of Islamic economics from different scholars: 1)Ahmad (1981) defined Islamic economics as a study of human behaviour in their attempts to satisfy needs from the abundant resources whose ultimate aim is to maximise benefit of self and society both in this world and the hereafter. 2)Akram(1983) sees Islamic economics as aims at the study human falah achieved by organising the resources of earth on the basis of cooperation and participation. 3)Hasnuzzaman(1984) defined Islamic economics as the knowledge and application of injunctions and rules of shariah that prevent injustice in the acquisition and disposal of material resources in order to provide satisfaction to human beings and enable them to perform their obligations to Allah and the society. 4)Mannan (1986) defines as studies of a social science in the economic problems of people to fill with the values of Islam. 5)S.M Ghazali Wafa et al (2002) defines as all human activities to use the sources which follow the law to perform their obligations to Allah. Observing the above definitions Islamic economics is the some part of conventional economics plus morals, norms and values of Islam, it covers a lot of micro and macro concepts of conventional economics like ownerships, rights to produce or create, what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce, others include equity, returns on investments, development projects, stability in the value of money, broad base economic well being with full employment, optimum rate of economic growth, joint ventures, fiscaland monetary policies, etc . However Islamic economics ejected injustice, enforced the prohibition of interest (riba), hoarding etc. And also promote the determination of the level of individual liberty, recognition the right of property, controlling the economic inequality within the natural limits, maintaining the equality of social life, and social security. It however prohibits the wider circulation of wealth, and recognizes social and individual welfare. In conclusion, Islamic economics is designed for economy to contribute richly on the achievement of the major socio-economic goals of the society. Prof. Tariq is very talented and eloquent lecturer, in this lecture he pinpoint the following: 1.Muslims are of full of potentials 2.Universality in time and space in Islam 3.Changes and faithful 4.Things we shouldn’t confused: a)Relationship between text and context b)Difference between principles and models c)Rules and ways d)Rules and meaning. 5.Difference between adaptation and transformation vision beyond reality. 6.Dealing with rejection and projection 7.Thinking of what to produce and how to produce of halal goods to match the competition with western products. The above are the lessons we learnt from the lecture, therefore those points are what I am going use and see how Islamic economics can be developed. Firstly, the muslims are of full potentials this so because muslims economics thinkers and economist tried and developed the Islamic economics concept and its now a discipline accepted worldwide, so the other muslim economist should start striving and explore their potentials in developing Islamic economics worldwide. Secondly universality in time and space in Islam, this means mind should be active to make changes in diversity, that is Islamic economic thinkers should have active mind and develop as many theories and models as they can in the time of the their life and places they are living , their universality of Islam should be use to manage diversities, manage changeable dimensions and new challenges with the view of developing Islamic economics. Thirdly those things that we shouldn’t confused in the improvement of Islamic economics development is text and context should be clearly differentiated ,that is the context in the text of Quran, hadith and fiqh are vividly understood before applying it into the economic theory or model. The difference between principles and models should be understood by Islamic economics ulamas, where principles are universal in nature and models are historical in nature we shouldn’t confused those in developing anything in Islamic economics. The next is the rules and ways, in Islam rules are in Quran and Sunnah (shariah) then the interpretation of ulamas on some concept and issues that are not clearly interpreted in the Quran and hadith and ways are how those rules are being followed with a light of vision, those must be considered and improvement in Islamic economics will be achieved. The last one is different between rules and meanings, dealing with rules will come to a point where rules forget the meanings so this must be taken into consideration for improvement of Islamic economics. Fourthly is the difference between adaptation and transformation that is transformation is the visionary change beyond reality in a society and adaptation is transferring the idea of other society into the society, Islamic economics should be a transformation of conventional economics not adaptation. Lastly is the thinking of what to produce and how to produce of consumable goods(halal) to match the competition with western products, professionals in Islamic economics should continue with the introduction of products which will substitute haram goods and services that muslims are always consuming , this will tremendously improve Islamic economics development.

Liposuction Essay -- essays research papers

Liposuction is the most popular cosmetic procedure in the United States. It came to North America in 1982. At first, the doctors used it on thighs, buttocks, and the torso. Now it can be used almost all over the body. The number of liposuctions performed increased by 386 percent from 1992 to 2000. More than 350,000 liposuctions were performed in 2000. Women aren’t the only ones worried about their looks. Last year more than 99,000 men signed up for liposuction and other cosmetic procedures. The most controversial category of new patients is teenagers. Last year, 1,645 teenagers 18 years old and younger had liposuction. The best candidates fro liposuction are normal-weight people with firm, elastic skin. They should be physically and mentally healthy, with realistic expectations. It can help obese people, but it has a much higher risk of complications when more fat is suctioned out. There are two types of liposuction. The first type is the tumescent technique. First they use local anesthetics to numb the area, unless it’s a large area, then they might use a general anesthetic. They put a saline containing solution with anesthetic to reduce swelling and bruising after the surgery. Through a tiny incision, a narrow tube is inserted and used to vacuum the fat layer that’s deep beneath the skin. The tube is quickly pushed and pulled through the fat layer, breaking up the fat cells and suctioning them out. Fluid is lost along with the fat, and it’s crucial that this fluid be replaced during the procedure to prevent shock. Because of this, patients need to be carefully watched and receive fluids. The other type of liposuction is ultrasound-assisted liposuction. The doctors use a heated probe that produces vibrations. The energy it produces causes the patient’s fat cells to rupture, spilling out their oily content. Then the doctors suction out the oil. After the surgery, the patient will experience fluid drainage from the incisions. The patient will also be fitted with a compression garment to prevent swelling and blood clots. The doctor may also prescribe antibiotics to prevent infections.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Liposuction is a costly procedure. It can cost anywhere from 2,650 to 9,100 dollars. It’s not usually covered by insurance, so patients have to pay full cost. Liposuction is an estimated 700 million dollar a year business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...actions. The following is an example of a liposuction fatality. A mother’s death. No one knows better the Edward Mondeck and his two children, ages nine and eleven. Two years ago, Mondeck’s wife, Rosemarie, 39, decided to have a bit of tummy fat removed with a new procedure called tumescent liposuction. Typically, patients are primed just prior to surgery by injecting large amounts of extremely diluted local anesthetic and epinephrine, a drug that shrinks the capillaries, which reduces bleeding and, many practitioners say, makes it easier to suck out the fat. According to Mondeck and his lawyer, after the drugs were injected, Rosemarie went into cardiac arrest and died. Mondeck sued, and an undisclosed settlement was reached out of court. A lawyer for the physician involved declined to â€Å"get into the issues of the case† because of privacy concerns. â€Å"It was supposed to be a touch-up procedure,† says Mondeck. â€Å"All she had was a fatty area above her bellybutton.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  That was just one of many. Judy Fernandes was just 47 years old. She spent ten hours on the table and died. Lisa Marinelli was just 23 years old. She died of a blood clot the day after surgery.

Frenemies Script

Cast Bella Thorne – Rose Zendaya – Selena Stefanie Scott – Chloe Mary Mouser- Kimberly/ Brooke Nick Robinson- Jake Murray- Lucky Everyone is at school. Kimberly and Brooke are in Social Studies. Kimberly: â€Å"Don’t you think this class is boring? † Brooke: â€Å"No, I like learning about different countries! † Kimberly: â€Å"Whatever. † Brittney and her boyfriend are talking and trying to figure out how she’s going to go to a party on Saturday after her mom said no. Brittney: â€Å"Babe, can’t we just sneak out? †Boyfriend: â€Å"Alright, pick you up at 8. † Brittney: â€Å" Yay, see you later. Rose and Selena are talking about ways they can improve their fashion blog. Rose: â€Å"How about †¦ adding pink on everything? † Selena: â€Å"No, that’ll be too much. Oh, how about adding a little bit of geeky flavor? † Rose: *Talking sarcastic* â€Å"Great idea and we can call it smar ty pants! † Selena: â€Å"Okay, how about we finish tomorrow? † Rose: â€Å"Alright. See You Later. † School is over and Jake and his friend Lucky are at home relaxing. Jake: â€Å"Hey boy!How was your day? † Lucky: â€Å"Woof, Woof! † Jake: â€Å"Yes, I did have a good day. Thank you for asking! † Kimberly and Brooke are at home studying. Brooke: â€Å"Don’t you just love Math? † Kimberly: â€Å"Not really, I don’t like it, I hate it! † Brooke: â€Å"Cheer up, it’s only twenty questions. † Kimberly: â€Å"Ugh! I’m bored, let’s call Rose and Selena. † Brooke: â€Å"Alright† The phone rings and Rose and Selena answer. Rose and Selena in unison: â€Å"Hello? † Kimberly: â€Å"Hey Rose. † Brooke: â€Å"Hey Selena. † Rose and Selena in unison: â€Å"Hey. †Kimberly: â€Å"So did you guys figure something out for your blog? † Rose: â€Å"Not re ally, we can’t think of anything. † Brooke: â€Å"Do you want me to help? † Selena: â€Å"Umm, no thank you! † The next day, all 7 friends are at school. They are sitting at the lunch table eating. Kimberly: â€Å"So Brittney, what are you and your boyfriend going to do since you can’t go to that party? † Brittney: â€Å"We’re going to sneak out and come back before she comes home. † Brooke: â€Å"What if she comes back early? † Brittney: â€Å"Don’t worry, she never comes home early.So Rose and Selena, are you guys still working on your blog? † Rose: â€Å"Yes, we can’t figure out what to do! † Selena: â€Å"Exactly! † The bell rings. That means lunch is over. Brittney: â€Å"There goes my boyfriend, later guys! † Rose: â€Å"We have to run too! † Selena: â€Å"Yeah. † Jake: â€Å"See you guys later! † Kimberly: â€Å"Bye! Come on Brooke, or we’ll be late. † Brooke: â€Å"Not if we run! † Kimberly: â€Å"Ugh! † Brooke: â€Å"Oh how I love school! † Rose and Selena are at Rose’s house for their sleepover they have every weekend.Rose: â€Å"We have never been stuck on a situation before. † Selena: â€Å"Yeah! We got to get it together! † Rose: â€Å"Right after this beauty sleep. † Selena: â€Å"Absolutely. † They both lay down to take their beauty rest until Selena pops up from hers. Selena: â€Å"I got it! Rose wake up! I figured it out! † Rose: *Speaking tiredly* â€Å"Figured what out? † Selena: â€Å"Our blog! † Rose: *Still speaking tiredly* â€Å"Yay. †*Goes back to sleep, then quickly wakes back up and starts talking excitedly* â€Å"Wait you Did? † Selena: â€Å"Yeah! † To Be Continued.

Masque of the Red Death By Edgar Allen Poe

Edgar Allen Poe â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† 1) What does each color in each room mean? These colors represent the seven deadly sins which are laziness, lust, gluttony, greed, pride, anger, and covetousness. The colors can also represent the seven stages of man starting from birth, toddler age, childhood, teen age, middle age, old age, and lastly death. Blue is birth, Purple is royalty and power, Green is growth and life, Orange is destruction, White is purity, Violet is knowledge and memory, and Black is death. ) Why do you think Poe arranged the apartments in this manner? The way Prince Prospero arranged the rooms is very peculiar. He did it from east to west according from when the sun would rise to when it would set. When the sun would rise it would mean birth and when it would set death. Just like the rooms blue was on the east so it would mean birth and black being on the west meaning death. 3) What do the colors add to the suspense in the story?The colors add cert ain suspense to the story because we do not have a meaning to them. They give you a mysterious out look towards what can happen next. We obviously have the idea that the black room means death and that someone will eventually die. 4) What does the ebony clock represent and what in the story leads you to this conclusion? It represents every hour that they live past the Red Death or until it comes since they cannot escape it. The fact that the clock is ebony meaning black it symbolizes the color of death.So we can come to the conclusion that sooner or later someone is going to die. 5) Why does the ebony clock reflect Poe’s personal life? It reflects his personal life because Poe had a lot of deaths happen in his life, starting with his parents when he was young. These deaths were all related because at that time tuberculosis was the main cause of death. Reading his biography we soon see that all his loved ones died from tuberculosis. Although it is not clear of what he died fro m.

A Sixteen-Year-Old Female Athlete Case Study †Health Paper

A Sixteen-Year-Old Female Athlete Case Study – Health Paper Free Online Research Papers A Sixteen-Year-Old Female Athlete Case Study Health Paper A sixteen-year-old female athlete presents complaining of a gradual reduction in form. In addition, the athlete appears to be susceptible to infections and has had numerous colds and episodes of lethargy. She says she is finding it harder and harder to train and you suspect that she might be suffering from overtraining. Overtraining syndrome is a serious problem with features of decreased performance; increased fatigue, persistent muscle soreness, mood disturbances, and feeling burnt out or stale. The diagnosis of overtraining is usually complicated, there are no exact diagnostic criteria, and physicians must rule out other diseases before the diagnosis can be made. Further studies are needed to find a reliable diagnostic test and determine if proposed aids to speed recovery will be effective. Unlike with diagnoses of most diseases, physicians have no exact criteria for the overtraining state. The diagnosis is based on three points: (1) patient history, (2) carefully ruling out other diseases, and (3) laboratory findings. History taking includes a careful account of symptoms and signs. Changes in training regimen are of utmost importance. Performance decrement with an increased feeling of fatigue (subjective and objective evaluation) is the main sign of overtraining. The history of running nose, generalise aching and coughing suggest post-viral infection. History of repeated vomiting or induction of vomiting by stimulating of through suggested the possibility of anorexia nervosa. The overtraining state can only be diagnosed after clinical examination has ruled out other conditions. Diseases such as Addisons disease, anemia and other nutritional deficiencies, asthma and allergies, cardiac diseases (e.g., hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), diabetes or glucose intolerance, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, infections, muscle diseases, and psychiatric disorders can mimic overtraining. Laboratory tests for differential diagnosis and laboratory findings that can be connected to decreased performance capacity are helpful. Several laboratory parameters have been proposed to indicate an impending or actual overtraining state: a decrease in testosterone and increase in cortisol concentration, or a decrease in their ratio; decrease in nocturnal catecholamines; changes in catecholamine concentration in blood during rest and after exercise; decrease in maximal blood lactate concentration; decrease in plasma glutamine concentration; increase in uric acid and creatine kinase concentrations (reflecting overload at the muscle level); decrease in the ratio of blood lactate concentration to ratings of perceived exertion; changes in morning heart rate; and changes in initial heart rate response to orthostatic stress. Laboratory Tests for the Differential Diagnosis of the Overtraining State General assessment Complete blood picture, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Blood glucose Sodium, potassium, calcium Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase Assessment of anaemia (nutritional problem) Ferritin Transferrin, albumin Creatine kinase Cortisol and testosterone (free testosterone) Hormonal assessment Thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone Estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone (stimulation test) Catecholamines (urine) and catecholamine metabolites Infection assessment to eliminate the possibility of post-viral syndrome. Differential leukocyte count Immunoglobulin (IgE) Assessment of serious metabolic disorders Magnesium, zinc Further specific examinations if needed If there is no disease found, we can assume that the athlete is suffering from overtraining syndrome. The best treatment for the overtraining syndrome is prevention. Tapering the training regimen combined with rest, proper nutrition, and sleep help the body heal. Recognition and treatment of depression is important. Therapies such as massage and sauna baths can speed recovery. Periodization of training with enough recovery should prevent overtraining. Periodization means that correct loads of training stimuli are administered followed by adequate recovery periods. The training and recovery time should be individualized since different persons have his/her individual conditions. Through the one year, the training can be divided into phases of training emphasis called macrocycles. Each training week is called a microcycle (microcycles can be also longerup to 10 days), and each microcycle includes both strenuous and recovery days in an appropriate proportion. Three or 4 microcycles compose a mezzocycle. Each mezzocycle consists of 2 to 3 microcycles with higher training loads and 1 recovery microcycle. Macrocycles with different training regimens can be classified as preparation, precompetition, competition, and tapering; all preparing for optimal performance in competition. As noted before, careful follow-up of athletes subjective feelings and some objective parameters are also an important part of prevention. If the overtraining state persists in spite of all efforts to prevent it, effective treatment is needed. The best treatment is to rest and avoid sport activities for approximately 2 weeks. After the resting period, the patient can start light training. Athletes should try different sports, like swimming, ball games, cycling etc. Training should progress very slowly, with the pace determined by carefully listening to the patients feelings. Psychological state of athletes is also important; athletes should forget the past and concentrate on the future. Otherwise, they can easily start comparing their performance and feelings to the time before the overtraining state, inducing a neurotic attempt to recapture the previous feeling. This can delay recovery and highlights the huge role of psychological factors in recovery. Professional psychological help is sometimes recommended for athletes who are seeking to overcome an overtraining problem. Depression is one of the biggest psychological problems among overtrained athletes, and differentiation between primary depression and overtraining with secondary depression is difficult. Training history, discussions with coaches and other athletes, and a family history can help clarify this question. Adequate nutrition is one of the most important background factors behind a positive training effect and is also very important for overtrained athletes. If the diet is balanced, additional supplements and nutritional modifications have not been proven to speed recovery. The most common deficiency, especially in female endurance athletes, is iron. Zinc, magnesium, and calcium deficiencies have also been reported in endurance athletes, especially those who deliberately restrict their diets. In those cases, supplementation is needed. Adequate sleep is important during recovery. All additional stressors should be minimized. Traveling can increase tiredness, but in some cases, changing the environment and finding new hobbies can be good for recovery. Increased sexual activity may aid a recovering athlete, as it relaxes and modulates neurotransmitters beneficiently. Research Papers on A Sixteen-Year-Old Female Athlete Case Study - Health PaperPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyResearch Process Part OneArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThree Concepts of PsychodynamicIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfGenetic Engineering

The Role of Communication in an Organization Essay Example

The Role of Communication in an Organization Essay Example The Role of Communication in an Organization Essay The Role of Communication in an Organization Essay Communication plays a very important role in an organization. In fact, it is said to be the life wire of the organization. Nothing in the universe, human or otherwise, that does not communicate; though the means of communication may be very different. Communication is very crucial and unavoidable since we have intentions which we want to pass across to another person, group or even to the outside world. Communication in an organization is inevitable. Departments communicate from time to time in respect to daily activities and the organizations relationship with the external world. It says what it intended via written and unwritten means, either planned or impromptu. It could be hierarchical, that is, from top to bottom or vice versa. It could be formal or informal; vertical, horizontal or diagonal. Whichever means, modes or types of communication, what matters is that communication takes place. However, what is being communicated may be well understood and thus feedback or misunderstood or insufficient and thus communication breakdown. In fact, communication within an organization could be grapevine or rumour. In all, communication in an organization is very complex and it needs to be correctly handled and monitored to avoid chaos, crisis or conflict. The basic functions and roles of the management could not be performed without communication. Planning, organizing, coordinating, budgeting, monitoring, controlling, staffing, delegation; and including marketing, production, financing, staffing (human resource managing), research and development, purchasing, selling, etc could not be well coordinated, harnessed and their goals achieved without communication. At meetings, annual general meeting, ordinary meeting, urgent meeting, etc, communication plays a key role. The effectiveness of an organization also depends on the success of its meetings where goals to be achieved, targets to be met, and activities to be carried out are ironed out and discussed. If the ideas are not well understood at the meeting, then one need to be sure that the workers will mess up everything. Thus, the chairman of the meeting must be an effective speaker or communication capable of ensuring that everyone got what has been discussed correctly. This will help eradicate rumor and grapevine and likewise help achieve set standards, goals and/or objectives. In conclusion, everyone in an organization needs to have good communication skill, not the boss only, but also the subordinates. It is what all of us (workers) need to jointly strive to achieve the set goals. Remove communication in an organization, we are going to have dead entity, good for nothing and worth been shut down. Communication is the backbone for organizations success.

Listening to a new radio station Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Listening to a new radio station - Essay Example Generally, I listen to all types of music. I like to sample the various offerings of radio stations and enjoy variation. Admittedly, my favorite types of music are Rock and Metal. I am able to tolerate all types of music but country music is the exception to the rule. I hate the "twang" of the accent and don't find the music to be inspirational at all. To prepare and complete this assignment, I set my cell phone and car radio to country stations. On my phone I usually listen to the internet radio and I have my personal favorite radio stations saved. I created and added a country station to my favorites and listened to the stations for the same amount of time that I would normally listen to my preferred stations. The second day listening to country music was actually funny, I got in my car in a hurry, when I turned on the ignition started playing country and without thinking I turned off the radio, then I remembered why it was on that station. I turned it on again and struggled all th e way to work, the same happened with my phone, I turned it on and off so quick! I can't believe how desperate I was to avoid this assignment! I think that while I love the messages that the country songs attempt to convey, the music is just so depressing.

A Negative Adjustment Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Negative Adjustment Letter - Essay Example It is unfortunate that you are dissatisfied with the Gannon speakers you recently bought. Although the speakers have a sharp upward peak that might extend up to 5db above the normal smooth curve, they have other interesting features, considering that they have efficient transient response, satisfactory damping at the bass frequency, and sufficient capacity to handle power unlike other speakers. In addition, failures in midrange, tweeters, and midbass speakers due to mechanical or electrical issues can cause bass distortion. In that case, you should avoid applying immense power to the voice coil. On the same note, distortion of the bass sound can occur when the speaker is tampered with as was in your case. We found out that the booster magnets and insulation were missing and you had replaced the lead wires. Therefore, you should have avoided interfering with the speakers and maintain it in the right manner to avoid disappointments as was stated in the manual. We regret that we cannot comply with your recent requests to honor the three year warranty. This is because our warranty clearly states that if the speakers are sold at a clearance rate or if they are tampered with, then, the warranty becomes void. Nevertheless, we will be delighted to honor the maintenance and service agreement; hence, will offer 30% discount on repairs as your satisfaction is our major priority. Since you are among our esteemed consumers, we welcome you to our five day seminar, which will be free, on 3rd to 7th March. It will give more details on the different speakers we supply, how to maintain them, and offer a platform to air your concerns, advise, and opinions in regard to our