Muscles In The Human Body :: essays research papers

The musculo diminished system is made up of bones, joints, and muscles. This system gives the clay form and support, and protects the body while allowing it to move. Basically, the muscles in this system carry out three important body functions the movement of body parts, maintenance of body parts, and production of body heat. These muscles all consist of a mass of protein fibers grouped together, and most(prenominal) are of mesodermal origin. And almost all of the muscle fibers you will ever have or need were present at birth. Nearly half of your body mass is muscles, the largest and strongest being in the shoulders, upper arms, hips, and thighs. There are over five hundred muscles in the human body.Muscle fibers are basically sort out according to their size and speed of contraction. There are three main fictitious characters of muscles. The first is skeletal. Skeletal muscle makes up the largest mass of muscle in the body, and is the type of muscle that is attached to bones and moves the skeleton in a conscious control, so therefore it is a voluntary muscle. Its contractions are short and strong, providing the force undeniable for movement. The muscle contractions produce and provide some heat needed in the body.Skeletal muscle tissue is made up of smaller fibers called myofibrils. These myofibrils are placid of even smaller protein filaments. These filaments can be either thick or thin. The thick filaments are made of the protein myosin, and the thin filaments are made of the protein actin. The arrangement of the myosin and actin gives skeletal muscle its striated (or striped) appearance. Each section of a myofibril is called a sarcomere, and is the functional unit of muscle. How muscles contract is directly related to their structure. The sliding filament theory is an news report of how muscle contractions occur. This theory states that the actin filaments within the sarcomere slide toward one another during contraction. But, the myosin filaments don&8217t move. The second type of muscle is smooth, which is found in internal variety meat and blood vessels. It consists of collections of fusiform cells that don&8217t show its striations under even a light microscope. The most common function of this muscle is to squeeze, which puts forth compress on the space inside the tube or organ it surrounds. Contractions of smooth muscle are weak and slow compared with the contractions of the other two kinds.

An Analysis of Adam’s Song Essay -- Adam’s Song

An Analysis of Adams Song Bob McKenty suggests in the poem Adams Song that life is non a stationary event, it is forever changing and that in order to handle those changes humor serves as a good buffer. The tone of Adams Song changes distinctly at least three times. McKenty uses rhythm, rhyme, and meter to express the essence of change in the poem and in life. The first orthodontic braces of the poem is iambic tetrameter and expresses a sentimental, romantic and lyrical tone. The speaker in the poem at this point could be described as a possibly young and naive lover. The author uses the supply meter, assonance and ending rhyme with few surprises to declare the traditionally romantic and lyrical love poem style verse of the first two lines keep an eye on live with me and be my love./Come romp with me in Edens grove. McKenty uses an irregular change in meter and internal rhyme in lines 3 and 4 to begin the emphasis on the inevitable changes of life In unabated joy, not shy/But unabashed by nudity... In the second couplet the idealism of the first two lines also changes to...

Life in the Sixties :: essays research papers

Life in the SixtiesSometimes in life people do strange things, and while others may perceive it as a harmless act, human morals can make it seem otherwise. In the story A & P John Updike reveals what it is like to have been a young man who worked in a grocery store in the nineteen-sixties and what it was like to see triplet young girls walk in with solo two pieces on. The semi- sexist thoughts of how Sammy describes the young girls when they walk in, the three girls walking in to the grocery store in only two pieces was obviously against the moral standards of that day, and sometimes small, seemingly insignificant actions and events can push a person to make a life-changing decisions, are the themes of John Updikes story. How men perceive women is a funny thing, Sammy, the one who is telling the story, gives, what we call sexual, and almost kind of a perverted way of describing the girls. Updike used his descriptions of the girls to bring aside that men, even then had impure thou ghts of women and the way that we perceive them sometimes, really though, its the nineteen-sixties and in walks three beautiful girls in not adept bathing suits, exactly two pieces Of course a male mind is going to start racing a million miles per second. So begins the sexual descriptions of the girls. So as Sammy is go up the ladys food at the cash register, he cant help but be distracted, Updike shows us this when Sammy says I stood in that respect with a box of HiHo crackers trying to remember if I rang it up or not. I ring it up and the customer starts giving me hell(p.344). Updike clearly showed that the girls were a distraction to Sammy, and how easy it was for his thoughts to go astray. The three girls walking into the A & P was not what was wrong, it was the fact that they came in wearing bathing suits. Not just the normal bathing suit, but a bikini By law, one had to be over eighteen just to get in to a characterisation if there were going to be women in bikinis in it . Two piece bathing suits were practically unheard of and if someone was caught wearing one, they might have been considered bats and irresponsible. Walking into the grocery store would be were the wild part comes in.

The Sickness Unto Death According to Kierkegaard Essay -- existencialis

1. Kierkegaard believes that right is only a subjective process. Truth only exists from the subjective subsisting of the individual and stoogenot be found in a fuck system. Objective truth to Kierkegaard is a simply an idea created by the illusion of subjective existence that i can have complete and true objective knowledge of something that exists out in the world. This is evident when he states, In the objective sense, thought is understood as being a virtuous thought this corresponds in an equally abstract-objective sense to its object, which object is therefore the thought itself, and truth becomes correspondence of thought with itself. This objective thought has no relation to the existing subject (31). When Kierkegaard states that truth is subjectivity and the truth of subjectivity is faith he is arguing that since there can never be objective truth, all one can do is turn inward and focus on existential being. Once one turns their focus inward they can they find the real truth of their existence, and that existence is the action relational happening of relating of oneself to oneself, and to God. 2. The knight of infinite resignation to Kierkegaard is one who has realized the loss of all meaning in life. They have current the world as something that is beyond their objective understanding and have unceasingly resigned themselves of any search for meaning and have achieved a sort of peace which can only come from the loss of all hope for escape. Kierkegaard argues that road to the knight of faith only goes through the knight of infinite resignation. Only by infinitely resigning oneself to the loss of all meaning can one take the next action of taking the leap of faith. The knight of faith takes focuses internally on... ...le are stipulation the freedom to find meaning, and in freedom there is great despair and suffering as people search for existential meaning. In the story the gilded Inquisitor is angry at Jesus for his choice to grant freedom and despair to everyone and argues that his new church is more godlike because he is taking external freedoms. By doing so he will make them slaves, but grant them peace, and in so doing give them meaning so they will not hump in the despair of knowing freedom. The claim that, man does not live by bread alone but only the one who works gets it bread, would synthesize the idea that people cannot find existential-meaning through the fulfillment of only temporal desires. However, if one works at continually making the leap of faith and understands the congruous mode of be-ing, one will find the metaphoric/spiritual bread which satisfies their despair.

Reforms Are Need In Canadas Government :: essays research papers

Reforms Are Need In Canadas GovernmentCanada is a country whos future is in question. Serious political issues haverecently overshadowed scotch concerns. Constitutional debate over unity andQuebecs future in the country is in the amount of money of every Canadian today.Continuing conflicts concerning Aboriginal self-determination and preaching arereaching the boiling point. How can Canada expect to pull herself out of thisseemingly bottomless pit? Are Canadians looking at the right state to lay theirblame? In the 1992 Referendum, "The Charlottetown Accord" addressed all of theseissues, giving Canadians the opportunity to finally let the dead horse be - butoh, if it were that simple. A red faced Brian Mulroney pontificated that a voteagainst the accord would be one against Canada. Canadians would essentially beexpressing the desire for Quebec to remain excluded from the constitution. Howcould the Right-Honorable Mulroney expect anyone to vote on a document thatcontained s o much more than simply the issue of Quebec sovereignty? Ironically,hidden deep within "The Charlottetown Accord," was the opportunity for Canadiansto make a difference to lurch the way the government ran, giving less power tothe politicians and more to the people. This was the issue of Senate Reform.Why is Senate Reform such an important issue? An argument could be do that apolitical body, which has survived over one hundred years in Canada, mustobviously work, or it would have already been reformed. This is simply non true,and this becomes unmistakable when analyzing the current Canadian Senate.In its inception, the Senate was designed to play an important role in theGovernment of Canada, representing various regions of the federation. Quebec,Ontario, the maritimes and the west were allotted twenty-four Senators each.Considered to be the heart of the federal system, the Senate was to be a crucialbalancing mechanism between Upper and Lower Canada (Mallory pg. 247). It w asimportant for there to be equal example, and not representation bypopulation. Senators were to be appointed, in order to ensure that the House wasindependent and had the freedom to act on its own. As well, Senators had to beseen as a orthodox restraint on the young, the impressionable, and theimpulsive in the House of Commons (Van Loon and Whittington pg. 625). Theytherefore had to be over thirty years old and own blank space exceeding fourthousand dollars in the province they represented. This idea was called secondsober thought. As this independent, intellectual body, the Senates mainfunction wasto ensure that all power did not come from one source.

Reforms Are Need In Canadas Government :: essays research papers

clear ups Are Need In Canadas giving medicationCanada is a country whos in store(predicate) is in question. Serious political issues haverecently overshadowed economic concerns. Constitutional debate over unity andQuebecs future in the country is in the meaning of every Canadian today.Continuing conflicts concerning Aboriginal self-determination and treatment arereaching the boiling point. How can Canada expect to pull herself out of thisseemingly mystifying pit? Are Canadians looking at the right people to lay theirblame? In the 1992 Referendum, "The Charlottetown Accord" addressed all of theseissues, giving Canadians the opportunity to at long last let the dead horse be - butoh, if it were that simple. A red faced Brian Mulroney pontificated that a voteagainst the accord would be one against Canada. Canadians would essentially beexpressing the desire for Quebec to remain excluded from the constitution. Howcould the Right-Honorable Mulroney expect anyone to vote on a document thatcontained so much more than simply the issue of Quebec sovereignty? Ironically,hidden deep within "The Charlottetown Accord," was the opportunity for Canadiansto make a difference to change the way the government ran, giving less power tothe politicians and more to the people. This was the issue of Senate Reform.Why is Senate Reform such an important issue? An argument could be made that apolitical body, which has survived over one hundred years in Canada, must manifestly work, or it would have already been reformed. This is simply not true,and this becomes apparent when analyzing the current Canadian Senate.In its inception, the Senate was designed to play an important role in theGovernment of Canada, representing various regions of the federation. Quebec,Ontario, the maritimes and the west were allotted twenty-four Senators each.Considered to be the heart of the federal system, the Senate was to be a crucialbalancing mechanism between Upper and glare Canada (Mallory pg. 247). It wasimportant for there to be equal representation, and not representation bypopulation. Senators were to be appointed, in order to ensure that the House wasindependent and had the freedom to sour on its own. As well, Senators had to beseen as a conservative restraint on the young, the impressionable, and theimpulsive in the House of Commons (Van Loon and Whittington pg. 625). Theytherefore had to be over thirty years old and own property exceeding fourthousand dollars in the province they represented. This idea was called secondsober thought. As this independent, intelligent body, the Senates mainfunction wasto ensure that all power did not come from one source.

The Return: Nightfall Chapter 24

No peck on the lips was spill to satisfy Damon, Elena thought. On the other hand, flavourless was going to need outright seduction before he would give in. Fortunately Elena had broken the Matt H peerlessycutt code long ago. And she mean to be remorseless in using what she had learned on his weakened, susceptible body.But Matt could be far too stubborn for his own good. He allowed Elena to put her soft lips over against his, he allowed her to put her arms around him. But when Elena act to do some of the things he liked most like political campaign her nails down his spine, or touching her tongue tip lightly to his closed lips he clamped his teeth shut. He wouldnt put an arm around her.Elena let go of him and sighed. Then she felt a crawling sensation between her shoulder blades, as if she were being watched only a hundred times stronger. She glanced bottom to regain Damon standing at a distance with his Virginia pine rod, but she couldnt find anything unusual. She glanced back once more and had to cram a fist into her mouth.Damon wasthere right laughingstock her so close that you couldnt have gotten two fingers between the attend of her body and the front of his. She didnt know why her arm hadnt hit him. Her whirl actually detain her in between two male bodies.But how had he done it? at that place had been no time to travel the distance of the clearing from where Damon had been standing to one inch behind her in the second that she had glanced away. Nor had there been any sound as hed walked across the pine needles toward them like the Ferrari, he was just there.Elena swallowed the scream that was urgently trying to get out of her lungs, and tried to breathe. Her own body was rigid with fear. Matt was trembling slightly behind her. Damon was leaning in, and all she could smell was the sweet of pine resin. any(prenominal)things wrong with him. Somethings wrong.You know what, Damon give tongue to, leaning forward even farther so that she had t o lean backward against Matt, so that, even spooned against Matts shaking body, she was tone great into the Ray-Bans from a distance of three inches. That gets you a grade of a D minus.Now Elena was shaking as well as Matt. But she had to get a grip on herself, had to meet this aggression head-on. The more passive she and Matt were, the more time Damon had to think.Elenas mind was in feverish scheming mode. He whitethorn not be reading our minds, she thought, but he great deal certainly tell if were telling the truth or lying. Thats normal for a vampire who drinks compassionate blood. What can we make of that? What can we do with it?That was a greeting kiss, she said boldly. Its to identify the person that youre meeting, so youll always know them afterwardswards. Even even prairie hamsters do it. Now please could we move just a little, Damon? Im getting crushed.And this is just much too provocative a position, she thought. For everybody involved.One more chance, Damon said, and this time he didnt smile. I want to teach a kiss a real kiss between you. Or else.Elena twisted in the tight space. Her eyes searched Matts. They had, after all, been boyfriend and girlfriend for quite a while last year. Elena saw the look in Matts blue eyes hewanted to kiss her, as much as he could want anything after that pain. And he cognise that shed had to go through all that fancy footwork to restrain him from Damon.Somehow, well get out, Elena thought to him. Now, will you cooperate? Some boys didnt have buttons in the selfish sensations bea of their brain. Some, like Matt, had buttons labeledHONOR or GUILT .Now Matt held belt up as she took his face between her hands, tilting it down and going up on her toes to kiss him, because hed grown so much. She thought of their first gear real kiss, in his car on the way home from a secondary school dance. Hed been terrified, his hands damp, his whole interior quaking. Shed been cool, experienced, gentle.And so she was now, drawing a warm tongue tip to melt his frozen lips apart. And just in facial expression Damon was eavesdropping on her thoughts, she kept them strictly on Matt, on his sun hopeful looks and his warm friendship and on the gallantry and courtesy that he had always shown to her, even when she broke up with him. She wasnt aware when his arms went around her shoulders or when he took control of the kiss, like a person dying of thirst whos finally found water. She could see it clearly in his mind hed never thought hed kiss Elena Gilbert like this again.Elena didnt know how long it lasted. Finally she unwound her arms from around Matts neck and stepped back.And so she realized something. It was no accident that Damon had sounded like a film director. He was holding up a palm-sized video camera, staring into the viewfinder. Hed captured the whole thing.With Elena clearly visible. She had no belief what had happened to the disguising baseball cap and dark glasses. Her hair was disord ered and her breathing came quickly, involuntarily. The blood had risen to the surface of her skin. Matt didnt look much more together than she felt.Damon looked up from the viewfinder.What do you want that for? Matt growled in tones completely unlike his normal voice. The kiss had affected him, too, Elena thought. More so than her.Damon picked up his branch again and again waved the end of it like a Japanese fan. Pine aroma wafted by Elena. He looked considering, as though he might ask for a retake, then changed his mind, smiled brilliantly at them, and tuck the video camera into a pocket.All you need to know is that it was a perfect take.Then were leaving. The kiss seemed to have give Matt new strength, even if it was for saying the wrong type of things. Right now.Oh, no, but keep that dominant, aggressive attitude. As you remove her shirt.What?Damon repeated the words in the tones of a director giving an actor complicated instructions.Undo the buttons of her shirt, please, and t ake it off.Yourecrazy . Matt turned and looked at Elena, stopped aghast to see the expression on her face, the single tear running down the eye not hidden.Elena He moved around, but she moved too. He couldnt get her to look him in the face. At last, she stopped, stood with her eyes down and leaking tears. He couldfeel the heat radiating from her cheeks.Elena, lets fight him. Dont you remember how you fought the bad things in Stefans room?But this is worse, Matt. Ive never felt anything this bad before. This strong. Its printing press on me.You dont mean we should give in to him?That was what Mattsaid and he sounded as if he were on the verge of being ill. What his clear blue eyes said was simpler. They saidNo. Not if he kills me for refusing.I mean Elena turned suddenly back to Damon. Let him go, she said. This is between you and me. Lets settle it ourselves. She was damned well going to save Matt, even if he didnt want to be saved.Ill do what you want,she thought as hard as she c ould to Damon, hoping he would pick some of it up. After all, hed bled her against her will at least initially before. She could live through him doing it again.Yes, youll doeverything I want, Damon said, proving that he could read her thoughts even more clearly than shed imagined. But the question is, after how much? He didnt say how much what. He didnt have to. Now, I know I just gave you an order, he added, half turning toward Matt but with his eyes still on Elena, because I can still see you picturing it in your mind. But Elena saw the look in Matts eyes then, and the flaming of his cheeks, and she knew and immediately tried to hide the knowledge from Damon what he was going to do.He was going to commit suicide.If we cant talk you out of it, we cant talk you out of it, Meredith said to Mrs. Flowers. But there are things out there Yes, dear, I know. And the sun is going down. Its a bad time to be outside. But as my mother always said, two witches are better than one. She g ave Bonnie an absent smile. And as you very kindly did not say before, I am very old. Why, I can remember the days before the first motorcars and airplanes. I might have knowledge that would help you in your quest for your friends and on the other hand, I am dispensable.You certainly are not, Bonnie said fervently. They were using up Elenas wardrobe now, piling on the clothes. Meredith had picked up the duffel bag with Stefans clothes in it and dumped it on his bed, but the first time she picked up a shirt, she dropped it again.Bonnie, you might take something of Stefans with you as we go, she said. See if you get any impressions from it. Um, maybe you too, Mrs. Flowers? she added. Bonnie understood. It was one thing to let mortal call themselves a witch it was another thing to call someone very much your senior one.The last layer of Bonnies wardrobe was one of Stefans shirts, and Mrs. Flowers tucked one of his socks in her pocket.But I wont go out the front door, Bonnie said ada mantly. She couldnt even bear to imagine the mess.All right, so we go out the back, Meredith said, flipping Stefans lamp off. Come on.They were actually walking out the back door when the front doorbell rang.They all three exchanged glances. Then Meredith wheeled, It could be them And she hastened back to the dim front of the house. Bonnie and Mrs. Flowers followed more slowly.Bonnie shut her eyes as she heard the door open. When there were no immediate exclamations about the mess, she undecided them a slit.There was no sign that anything unusual had happened outside the door. No smashed insect bodies no dead or dying bugs on the front porch.Hairs on the back of Bonnies neck rose. Not that she wanted to see the malach. But she did want to know what had happened to them. Automatically, one hand went to her hair, to feel if a tendril had been left behind. Nothing.Im looking for Matthew Honeycutt. The voice cut into Bonnies reverie like a hot knife through butter, and Bonnies eyes sn apped all the way open.Yes, it was Sheriff Rich Mooseburger and he was all there, from shiny boots to crisp collar. Bonnie opened her mouth, but Meredith spoke first.This is not Matts house, she said, her tone quiet, her voice even.In fact I have already been to the Honeycutt house. And to the Sulez house and the McCulloughs. all(prenominal) one of them, in fact, suggested that if Matt werent at one of those places, he might be out here with you.Bonnie wanted to kick him in the shins. Matt hasnt been stealing stop signs He would never, ever,ever do something like that. And I wish to God I knew where he was, but I dont. None of us do She stopped, with the feeling that she might have said too much.And your names are?Mrs. Flowers took over. This is Bonnie McCullough, and Meredith Sulez. I am Mrs. Flowers, the owner of this boardinghouse, and I believe I can second Bonnies remarks about the stop signs In fact this is more serious than missing road signs, maam. Matthew Honeycutt is und er suspicion of assaulting a young woman. There is significant physical evidence to support her story. And she claims that they have known each other since childhood, so there can be no mistake as to identity.There was a moment of stunned silence, and then Bonnie almost shouted, She? Shewho ?Miss Caroline Forbes is the complainant. And I would in fact suggest, if any of the three of you should happen to see Mr. Honeycutt, that you advise him to turn himself in. Before he is taken by force into custody. He took a step toward them as if threatening to come through the door, but Mrs. Flowers silently barred the way.In fact, Meredith said, regaining her composure, Im sure you realize that you need a warrant to enter these premises. Do you have one?Sheriff Mossberg didnt answer. He do a sharp little right turn, walked down the pathway to his sheriffs car, and disappeared.

Bottled Water Distribution In The Uk

The UK bottled wet market, a sub segment of the easily drink market has continually increased it sh be of the soft drink market. Thomson (2008) reports that the UK market for bottled mineral and spring piss alone experienced consideration expansion and is now worth an estimated E1. 7 jillion one- yearly, taking up about 15 percent of the soft drink gross revenue in the UK. The market is projected to rise to 21 percent of the soft drink market by the end of 2008. Datamonitor (2007) reports that the UK bottled piddle market generated total revenues of $2.8 one million million in 2006, representing a compound annual emergence take (CAGR) of 9. 4 percent for the period between 2002 and 2006. Further, market consumption volume is estimated at 2. 3 billion liters in 2006, representing a compound annual growth rate of 8. 5 percent between the same periods. The authors further projected that the performance of the bottled irrigate system market should increase by an anticipated compound annual growth rate of 8. 6 percent during the five year period ending in 2011 to about 3. 4 billion liters, expanding the market to about $4.2 billion by the end of 2011. The projected expansion of the market enhances the chances of new entrants into the market (Datamonitor, 2007 Thomson, 2008). The UK bottled water market is mainly comprised of sparkling flavored water, sparkling unflavored water, still flavored water and still unflavored water. Breaking down the market performance of each of this group of bottled water, Datamonitor reports that still unflavored water proves to be the most lucrative for the year ended 2006, generating revenues estimated at $1. 3817 million or taking up about 49.6 percent of the total market. This is closely followed by sales of sparkling unflavored bottled water that generated revenues of $916. 5 million representing 32. 9 percent of the market share. In sum, Thomson (2008) reports that still bottled water, both flavored and unflavored, a ccounts for 86% of the market (Thomson, 2008). The entrance of Herbal Water into the UK bottled water market will be enhanced by a couple of particularors. Most strong among these factors is the trend, the change magnitude demand for spring, mineral or nutrient rich water.Thomson (2008), reports that the market demand for mineral water continues to grow faster than other sections of the bottled water market. As mentioned previously, the market share for mineral water was estimated at ? 1. 7 billion annually in 2007 and it is projected to experience further growth. Furthermore, the author reports that there appears to be excess demands for the product, with several customers reporting that they experience out-of-stock, when shopping for mineral water in their grocery store.Ayalas Herbal Water with her first herbally flavored water is expected to make a difference in the UK bottled water, especially within the mineral water sub-segment. The UK bottled water market has a fragmented structure with no definite distribution chain. Although major players like the multinational company Danone and Nestle are involved in the market, the major buyers are retailers. The most apparent distribution chain involves major retailers, such as larger supermarkets and hypermarkets like Tesco and Asda.Retailers are rattling concentrated in the UK bottled water market, taking up almost 50 percent of the market share. Other distribution channel include convenience stores, online trades and an increasing significance of hotel sales that has been experiencing growth lately. It is well established that retailers represent the major distribution channel for bottled water in the UK. Datamonitor reports that large supermarkets and hypermarkets take up 49 percent of the total market share of bottled water in the UK.However, two primary factors play significant roles in the buying capacity and choice of the retailers. It is describe that the buying choice of retailers is greatly influe nced by the need to respond to the demands of the customers. Thus, while retailers are the strongest distribution channel for bottled water, the choice is primarily influenced by the demands of the immediate customers they serve. This fact weakens the power of retailers relative to manufacturers with strong and well known brands. Consequent upon the above fact, brand significantly influences distribution of bottled water.While products may be differentiated and unique as a result of its content and characteristics, the herbal approach to water flavoring adopted by Herbal Water, for example, branding is most likely to play significant roles. Retailers will be more willing to stock popular brands that are in demand, and manufacturers of popular brands can get their product across the distribution channels of several retailers. However, Datamonitor (2007) contend that Bottled water manufacturers and retailers operate in quite different businesses, and vertical integration rarely occurs to blur the boundaries between them.As bottled water is a sub-segment of the soft drinks market, its importance to retailers is not very great, especially for the more powerful supermarket chains, which sell a wide variety of food and drink products (p14). Again, the rivalry in the UK bottled water is further strengthened because retailers which play the most significant role in distribution do not experience any considerable costs in switching from one manufacturer product to the order, building strong brand around consumer loyalty can help defend manufacturers from this situation.Moreover, this increased rivalry is even off for by the healthy revenue accruable to each manufacturer due to the huge market potentials of bottled water (Datamonitor, 2007). Convenience stores and hotel sales are other channels for distributing bottled water these channels represent 19. 2 and 13. 6 percents of total market volume respectively, while other channels such as the increasing demand for bott led water in the leisure industry accounts for 22. 4 percent of total market volume.In sum, the UK bottled water market is has retailers as the primary buyers, these are well concentrated in the market and determines the success of any bottled water manufacturer in the market, although, to a large extent their buying power is influenced by the demands and choice of the customers they supply. Convenience stores and online sales are important channels, but they do not directly influence consumer loyalty and branding as would the retailers chain.The fragmentation of the UK bottled water has both positive and banish implications, but the ability of the Herbal Water Company to effectively harness the positive implications should greatly enhance the success of its product in the UK market. References Datamonitor (2007). Bottled Water in the United Kingdom Industry Profile. Reference Code 0183-0016. Thomson, Steven (2008). Bottled Spring Water. Scottish Agricultural College, Edinburgh. Ac essed 24 Mar, 2008. Available at (Feb 6, 2008).

Csr in Sme

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SMES ( half- size and Medium Enterprises) THE LITERATURE REVIEW The importance of Corporate Social right (CSR) has been increasing rapidly over the past few years (Crawford and Scaletta, 2005) although meaning of the term CSR remains a subject of much debate (Roberts, 2003 Hopkins, 2003). The reason bottom the debate is that the beliefs and attitudes on the nature of CSR obligate varied over time (Hill et al. , 2003).However, according to European Commissions Green Paper on CSR (2001), CSR is a concept whereby the companies integrate affectionate and surroundal concerns in their daily business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. On the some other hand, CSR can also be understood as the business theatrical role to sustaincapable development (EC, 2002). Regardless the definitions, CSR is all about effectively managing the relationships that can simulate the business and taking responsibility for the consequences that running the business has on society (Mallen Baker, 2008).Again, the arguments so far shows that all organizations have an impact on society and the environment through their operations, products and services and through their interaction with key stakeholders and therefore CSR is important in all firms, grand and fine (Williams, 2005 Hopkins, 2003 Roche, 2002). But it seems that less research have been made regarding the engagement of CSR in SME (Vyakarnam et al. , 1997 Schaper and Savery, 2004 Perrini et al. , 2006 Spence et al. , 2000).This literature review has been prep ared with the aim of clarifying the engagement of CSR in SMEs. Small and Medium Enterprises as defined by DTI and EU are those organizations with a turnover of under 40 million Euros (? 27 million) and either has employees below 250 or over 25% owner- make outd is proven to be important both numerically and economically since the last couple of decades (Jenkins H. , 2004). According to the re search conducted by UNIDO (2002), SMEs advance up over 90 per cent of businesses ecumenical and account for between 50 and 60 per cent of employment.Similarly, a recent research suggests that SMEs (Small & Medium Enterprises) in the UK may make a social contribution worth up to ? 3bn each year about ten times that of large corporations (BITC, 2002) which proves their equal importance like companies. *Unlike in large organizations, the self-control and management of small organizations seems to be more closely related (Spence and Rutherfoord, 2001). Thus, control remains in the hands of one of the owners, potentially enabling him or her to make personal choices about the allocation of resources (Spence, 1999).As described by Burns, 2001 small businesses are like social entities that revolve around personal relationships, which are a lot short of cash, likely to operate in a single market, who find it difficult to diversify business risk and are vulnerable to the loss of customer s. Thus, in SMEs, the acceptance of CSR is largely a factor of the personal attitudes of the owner/manager (Hopkins, 2003 Perez-Sanchez, 2003). Improved image and reputation. Improved trust and understanding. Better market position. More business. increase employee motivation. Increased attractiveness to potential recruits.Cost savings and increased efficiency. Risk management The overwhelming motivating factor for SMEs to engage in CSR is not outside(a) pressure but an internal drive to doing the right thing or putting something back or showing entrepreneurial spirit(Jenkins H. , 2001). *However, from the viewpoint of SMEs, CSR heart and soul to pay attention toward social and environmental responsibility (Southwell, 2004). Similarly, Grayson (2005) suggests that, researchers and practitioners should recognize that lots of small firms are already doing things that benefits society, but those are not described as CSR.Another important element in the field of CSR research is stakeh older theory. There is an inherent acceptance that all business has stakeholders and appropriate management of which can friend reduce risk and improve all companies social responsibility (European Commission and Observatory of European SMEs, 2002 Irwin, 2002). However, stakeholder research has tended to focus on corporation or large company. But the nature of stakeholder relationship for SMEs may not be drastically different (Jenkins, 2004).Stakeholder relationships for an SME may be based on a more informal, swear basis and characterized by intuitive and personal engagement with less of a gap between the relative power and influence of company and stakeholder whilst large companies are far more likely to engage in carefully planned, formal strategic stakeholder management (Jenkins, 2004). Thus, SMEs approach to CSR is likely to influence according to the way they manage their key stakeholder. Brussels, 2001, Green Paper for Promoting a European Framework for Corporate Social Res ponsibility, Commission of the European Communities, COM (2001)366 final, p. 6. Burns, P. 2001, Entrepreneurs hip and Small Business, Hampshire Palgrave. Business in the conjunction (BITC), 2002, _Engaging SMEs in community and social issues_. Cohen, A. P. , 1985, The_ Symbolic Construction of Community, _London Routledge. EC and Observatory of European SMEs, (2002), _European SMEs and Social and Environmental Responsibility_, no(prenominal) 4, Enterprise publication, p. 12. Fuller, T. 2003, Small Business Futures in Society, Futures 35 (4), 297-304. Hill, R. , Stephens, D. and Smith, I. (2003), Corporate social responsibility an examination of individual firm behaviour, Business and Society Review, Vol. 08 No. 3, pp. 339-64. Irwin, D. , 2002, Encouraging Responsible Business, Small Business Service, London. Jenkins, H. (2004), A Critique of Convectional CSR Theory An SME Perspective, Journal of General Management, Vol. 29 No. 4. Pp. 37-57. Mallen Baker, (2008), Arguments against corporate social responsibility redoubled, Business Respect, 26 October, Issue Number 139. Perez-Sanchez, D. (2003), Implementing environmental management in SMEs, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 67-77. Perrini, F. , Russo, A. and Tencati, A. 2006), SMEs and CSR theory evidence and implications from an Italian emplacement, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 67 No. 3, pp. 305-16. Roberts, S. (2003), Supply chain specific? Understanding the patchy success of ethical sourcing initiatives, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 44 Nos 2/3, pp. 159-70. Roche, J. (2002), CSR and SMEs chalk and cheese? , Ethical Corporation, Vol. 9, pp. 18-19. Sarbutts, N. (2003), Can SMEs do CSR? A practitioners view of the ways small and long suit sized enterprises are able to manage reputation through corporate social responsibility, Journal of Communication Management, Vol. No. 4, pp. 340-7. Schaper, M. and Savery, L. (2004), Entrepreneurship and philanthropy the case of small Australian firms, Journal of outgrowth Entrepreneurship, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 239-50. Southwell, c. 2004, Engaging SMEs in community and Social Issues, in L. J. Spencer, A. Habisch and R. Schimidpeter (eds. ), Responsibility and Social Capital The world of small and medium sized enterprises (Palgrave MacMillan, Hampshire), pp. 96-111. Spence, L. (1999), Does size matter? The state of the art in small business ethics, _Business Ethics A European Review_, Vol. No. 3, pp. 163-72. Spence, L. and Lozano, J. (2000), Communicating about ethics with small firms experiences from the UK and Spain, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 27 Nos 1/2, pp. 43-53. Spence, L. and Rutherfoord, R. (2001), Social responsibility, profit maximisation and the small firm owner-manager, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 126-39. Tilley, F. , P. Hooper and L. Walley 2003, Sustainability and Competitiveness Are there Mutual Advantages for SMEs? , in O. Jones an d F. Tilley (eds. ,_ Competitive Advantage in SMEs Organising for Innovation and Change,_ pp. 71-84. Vives, A. (2006), Social and environmental responsibility in small and medium enterprises in Latin America, Journal of Corporate Citizenship, Vol. 21, pp. 39-50. Vyakarnam, S. , Bailey, A. , Myers, A. and Burnett, D. (1997), Towards an understanding of ethical behaviour in small firms, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 16 No. 15, pp. 1625-36. Williams, A. (2005), Consumer social responsibility? , Consumer Policy Review, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 34-5.

Give Me Liberty Maps

Trips were made to North America, S come forthh America and even around Cape Horn. 4. in front the English or French settlers even got to the Americas, Spain had stretched their empire across most of North and southern America. Big name explorers like Cortes and Pizzeria pitched in for Spain. 5. In search of better and more land, settlers in Jamestown moved expanded north and a little bit south. In the midst of their expansion, they moved into Indian land. 6. Expansion occurred In other early colonies, too. Settlers In Plymouth expanded Into loonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Haven. . England wasnt the only country that constructed colonies In North America In the eighteenth century. The Dutch, French, and Spanish accompanied them. 8. Trying to find solace in numbers, the colonies experienced a lot of racial and ethnic diversity within. The main groups escaping prosecution were Jews, Swedes, Welsh and French Hugeness. 9. The triangle trade is used to descr ibe the many triangular trading routes that crossed the Atlantic. The commerce would supply colonies and Africa with manufactured goods, the New World with slaves, and Europe with compound items. 0. For most of the eighteenth century, North America was dominated by the British, Spanish, and French. Britain had influence on the East Coast, France the Mid-east, and Spain the Southwest. 11. The Seven Years fight ended with French defeat and a treaty giving all land east of the multiple sclerosis to Britain. The British territory now stretched from the tip of Florida to the northernmost point In Canada. 12. The Revolutionary War was kicked off by major battles In the North, like Lexington and Concord. Most of the important fighting took place in New Jersey and New York. 13.After fighting a lot in the North, the Revolutionary War shifted to the South in 1777. The shift was of no avail as the British finally were defeated in siege of Yorktown in 1781. 14. Though they won theyre territory , the US only owned a small part of North America. The continent was shared by a crowd of European countries as well. 15. Just because they won the war, doesnt mean the US had total support from within. There were a lot of Loyalists throughout the colonies, most abundant in New York and the Carolinas. 16. Though it was very ineffective, one thing the Articles of Confederation did do Is ceding western land out to Spanish Louisiana.The join States now stretched from the Atlantic to the manuscript. 17. In 1780, ordinances were set out resulting In both surveying and sale of public domain land. Eventually this land resulted In new states carved out of It and made equal members In the US. 18. The area of influence for Federalists and Anti-Federalists was separated those who were Federalists, though they did not cover as much land mass had more passel than the Anti-Federalists. 19. After being enslaved, massacred, and driven from their home, the Indian universe was incredibly low com pared to that of the early colonial era.However, they moved to the west where, past the Appalachians, was considered Indian country. 20. After the presidential Election of 1800, Jefferson was elected president. Though he won a big majority of the states, he only won with 53% of the population. 21 . The United States unbroken growing, including the 200% growth in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Being largely uncharted, Louis and Clark explored this landmass in the years following the purchase. 22. For America, the War of 1812 was a war on two fronts with Britain and with the Native Americans.However, they fought hard and won most of the battles. 23. By 1840, America had put in a lot of work towards the transportation system, which turn out very beneficial for the economy. The roads, usable rivers, and canals spread all throughout the eastern part of the country. 24. In the early asses, the population began to move west and across the Mississippi River. Much of the territory owned b y the United State, however, still remained unsettled. 25. Between 1820 and 1840, the cotton industry exploded in the rear from South Carolina to Louisiana.The Mississippi River became spy as a good area to grow an abundance of cotton. 26. Due to arguments of slavery, the Missouri Compromise was formed to settle that. The Missouri Compromise separated the United States into territories open to slavery and those closed to slavery. 27. The 1828 election is a good representation of lifestyles varying due to location. Jackson won every state in the South and Adams was only popular in the far North East. 28. Americans finally completed their Indian exclusion in 1835 when Indian presence seized to exist east of the Mississippi River.They removed the Five Civilized Tribes, Chickasaws, Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek, and Seminole, to do so. 29. Though usually the South is characterized to be cotton plantations, the slaves also worked to grow rice, sugarcane, tobacco, and hemp. While hemp and tob acco were in the main grown more north, cotton, rice, and sugarcane were exclusively grown in the southern US. 30. The better the lands, the more slaves were in the area, resulting in a concentration of the slave population in areas with fertile soil or good access to big markets. Many big cities were in areas of high slave population due to this bureau of thinking.